it's not EPA, it's all the other costs. From
https://legendarytones.com/aspen-pittman-interview/:
Aspen Pittman: Oh man, this is a 2 hour answer, but suffice to say after doing dozens of audio projects/products over the last 22 years, including the Speaker Emulator development, the development of the original Groove Tubes tube performance matching systems, the many tube mics with parallel capsule development, the many tubes we started up in the 4 foreign tube factories…that this was by FAR the toughest adventure to date.
It’s not the common "EPA restrictions" that people site, because there is relatively little of that really, much less than making PCB’s for example, but the lack of material and processing that is tube specific that makes the job so hard. Where to get the Nickle or Plate materials, or mica, or the wire needed to make grids…all those suppliers are GONE! I had to develop new sources or resurrect old ones. And as for machines to make the grids or process the vacuum or sealing…these are not made anymore so you have to search out old ones and refurbish them…even the glass and stem are a BIG issue, and although they are relatively unimportant for achieving a tonal or performance goal…they still have to be specified and sourced. IT has taken me more than 4 years and more than 1 million dollars to get to this point, and we are still not doing all processes in house yet.